BMW and Mini don’t use one immobilizer they use a team of modules that all have to agree before the car starts.
CAS older gatekeeper module through about 2010 Handles keys and start authorization easy for CAS 2 and 3. CAS 3 + and CAS 4+ need stronger tools. A replacement or cloned Cas must match the originals part number. Mismatched types cannot be cloned to each other.
FEM or BDC newer module 2011 onward. Controls security and body electronics. Must be cloned to VIN and the part number must match just like CAS. All keys lost often needs the ISN code from the engine computer.
DME, engine computer. Stores the ISN code FEM and BDC need.why some jobs need bench work, not just OBD.
This is why BMW and Mini jobs cost more and take longer.
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